Point 6: the common oven and the mutual aid society
We are in front of the place where once there was the shared oven. Once upon a time there was Mrs. Teresa, mother of Gino Franceschetti, the blacksmith of San Vito sul Cesano, who managed the community oven, paying the rent to the municipality of San Lorenzo in Campo, the oven’s owner. She carried out his excellent job from 1930 to 1953, and in exchange for the right compensation, she took care that everyone had fresh and fragrant bread. She wasn’t a baker, because she didn’t prepare the bread, unlike the women who kneaded it at home, but only took care that it was cooked properly and according to the agreed times and methods. In fact, she organized and scheduled the cooking activity, establishing that this took place three days a week, on alternate days, organizing scheduled appointments the evening before. Going around the village, she told to everyone at which time they had to bake their bread the next day, and her tour took place in any climatic condition, even with snow. Thus, women started to knead their bread, to bring it to the common oven the following day. The women thus organized the kneading activity so that they could diligently bring their bread to the common oven the day after. The oven could contain up to 100 rows of bread each time, and considering an average of 10 rows per family, it was able to satisfy 10 families for each baking shift. The cooking was organized according to the needs of the families. Some preferred well-cooked bread, others preferred it less cooked. According to this and to the temperature of the oven, the cooking time was decided. To recognize your own rows at the end of cooking, it was important to brand them before putting them in the oven. Usually they were branded by iron tools shaped with the initials of the name and surname of the head of each family. A foundamental ritual was to make a cross, cutting the loaf with a knife, as a sign of thanksgiving to God who, once again, had granted the family a precious food such as bread.
In the past, the Mutual Aid Society played an important social role in San Vito sul Cesano. It was a sort of Mutual Fund. It gave food and money to poor people to meet their most serious needs. Before the unification of Italy, and much more after 1860, such institutions arose in various major and minor cities which aimed at the civic and social progress of the population, favoring the poorest categories, such as workers. San Vito wanted to adapt to the new social and progressive reality establishing the “Society of Mutual Aid”. The aims of the Society were the following:
- To grant a daily subsidy to workers who are ill or injured;
- To set up a grocery store reserved to members for purchases at the lowest possible price;
- To grant low-interest loans to members, in case of family needs or in economic or financial difficulties;
- To set up a so-called “Winter Economy Kitchen” to offer a hot meal to the underprivileged and to the elderly left alone in the world;
In this way, Gospel principles were put into practice. The activity of the Society was reduced with the establishment of the National Social Security Institute, the Labor Insurance Companies and the Trade Unions. The Mutual Aid Society of San Vito sul Cesano was one of the most long-lasting and active in the Marche Region. Nowadays, despite having lost its original purposes, the Society is still active and by paying a symbolic membership card, it is possible to take part to the annual lunch, which represents an important moment of aggregation. During the lunch, participants remember the old days, focus on the important role that the association had in the past, when it helped many poor and struggling families, and keep alive the memory of a world that no longer exists. Currently, upon reservation, it is possible to visit an exhibition space dedicated to the Mutual Aid Society of San Vito sul Cesano, containing all the concerning and handed down material such as: statues, books, accounting books, banners and much more.
![Schools Schools](https://associazionesanvitogiovani.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/P-G-punto-7-le-scuole-foto-2-copia-1-1000x1000.webp)
Point 7: schools
In the past, in the building where we are now, there were schools and there were only three classrooms: one for first elementary class, one for second elementary class and one for third elementary class. In another building nearby, where now there is the San Vito Giovani Association, there was the fourth elementary class.